Finally, we get to the only crack that actually works properly. Congratulations to Razor1911 for being the only ones not fooled by the game’s trickery."
No surprise here! I was never all that deep in the Warez scene, but every nerdy kid in the early 1990s knew that Razor 1911 were the most l33t game crackers around. It was kind of a mark of quality on any game. If Razor 1911 released it you knew that not only was it cracked competently, it was probably a good game too!
GuB-421 day ago
And Razor1911 is still active! Both on the demoscene and on the warez scene.
miek1 day ago
Amazing. Their leader was busted a long time ago so I thought they were toast. Razor, Class, Fairlight, and some others hold a special place in my heart. (I know nothing of their politics)
RIMR1 day ago
To be fair, a lot of those groups aren't any of the same people today.
Fairlight was pretty problematic back in the 90's politically, they even did a fairly controversial nazi-themed demo. Definitely not the vibe they give off today.
miek22 hours ago
Article for reference [0]. It's amazing how far people's baggage will follow them (though the impact here is probably minimal). Wild that a former Fairlight member became San Diego Republican Party Chairman.
Sorry for the lazy question, but would you be able to share some links or pointers to where these guys are active? I've been out of the loop for a few decades but enjoyed the scene when I was a teenager.
One the crack side, I don't really follow much but you can find the occasional release, for example Red Dead Redemption.
crtasm23 hours ago
https://predb.me/?group=razor1911 more active than I imagined, though it looks like most of them are basic steam DRM so no cracking work needed
anal_reactor1 day ago
Nowadays though it's just Empress and everyone else, because Empress is the only one who cares enough to crack Denuvo, but only for selected games, and nothing recently.
Ayesh1 day ago
Not a DOS game, but one of the early Prince of Persia (circa 2007) had an evil DRM trick: after a few hours into the game, there is a pressure pad activated door that does not work on cracked versions. So if you are in a cracked versions, and if the crack is not good enough, you will spend a lot of time frustrated unable to go past that door.
It is possible that the crack itself broke the game, but I want to believe it's some genius evil idea someone from Ubisoft came up with.
miek1 day ago
Since you mentioned "early Prince of Persia" being 2007, I thought I might blow your mind by pointing to the 1989 game :)
jhbadger1 day ago
It's a bit like how most people think Wolfenstein started with the 3D version in 1992 and have never heard of the 1981 original.
shkkmo23 hours ago
That isn't really the same situation. The 1981 "version" is a stealth game that is pretty much completely unrelated to the 1992 game except through name, inspiration and theme.
The 1992 game was able to use the wolfenstein name because the trademark had lapsed the the original company had gone backrupt. While the 1992 game was originally intented to include stealth gameplay, none of those gameplay features from the 1981 game really made it into the final version of the 1992 game.
Key here is that M.U.S.E. sold no rights to id software, did not bless the 1992 game in any way, and there were no personel in common between the two games. They can't really be considered as part of the same franchise
cevn23 hours ago
I loaded this up recently on Genesis and it actually blew my mind how smooth the animations were for the 'parkour', to find out it was all mo-capped and faithfully recreated into pixels. I had no idea people were doing this in the 80's.
ajkjk22 hours ago
This book [1], which is the creator's diaries from the time annotated with lots of memoir-ish details, is really really good and talks about how the motion capture came to be at length. It's also just a very enjoyable book, not to mention very physically beautiful.
More like a rotoscoped bitmap animation than what we consider 3D motion capture now.
wyldfire1 day ago
I had to re-read the post because I assumed it was referring to that one up until I got to "Ubisoft". I was like, didn't that one guy Jordan something do the whole thing himself? (Including the rotoscoping of the character)
Wow, I just want to call attention to this for anyone scrolling through. If you loved the game, watch this video!!
JeanMarcS17 hours ago
Well, in the 80's I had an Amstrad CPC, and there was a game named "Le passager du temps" ("Passenger of time") [1]. It was a text adventure game with some graphism in it. The goal was to explore the house of your uncle and find out where he was.
After a while, you found a machine and when you finally assemble everything and start it....the game stop working and loop in a "we're tired of hacking" message !
Of course, with the cracked version.
And it was clever, because
1) you tried the game and enjoyed it. And now you're frustrated and want to play it, so you might actually buy it
2) the anticopy test was late in the game, so everyone who copied it thought the copy was ok and spreaded it.
Not mentioned in the article is Sid Meyer's Pirates! (the exclamation mark was part of the name, though I do get excited when talking about the game so I'd add it myself if it weren't).
This was one of the 2 (!) games I had as original at that time(the other being Sub Battle Simulator), and it had a beautiful map and book. The book would include some details that were asked before the first fencing fight, like "When did ship X leave port Y?" and if you got the answer wrong, as best as I could try (and I did intentionally try to beat that part after giving the wrong answer) you'd always lose it and not be able to start your career.
watusername1 day ago
I always find official cracks* like this to be amusing and worrying at the same time. Worrying because it could mean that the current owners don't even have access to the source code anymore, and it's sad to see the source of those games lost to time.
Tangentially, this phenomenon isn't limited to retro DOS games: Rockstar was caught shipping a pirated version of Midnight Club 2 [0], and Sinking Ship [1] is another example of this in the indie scene.
* Legally they aren't cracks because they are fully authorized distributions of the games
jerf22 hours ago
You can stop worrying, and move straight into... whatever it is on the spectrum from hangwringing to panic it is you are looking for, I offer no judgment here... because loss of source code and all build artifacts is the norm, not the exception. Completely normal. Unfortunate, but completely normal.
mschuster9123 hours ago
> Worrying because it could mean that the current owners don't even have access to the source code anymore, and it's sad to see the source of those games lost to time.
This is way too common. It even happens to the best and largest games - the code for CnC Tiberian Sun and Red Alert 2 is supposed to be lost to time [1].
Often times it's just IP rights that get passed on when a studio collapses or gets bought out, and in other cases source code for dependencies (e.g. music or video player SDKs) isn't available any more.
Interesting, I remember the speed skating issue being a problem in the copy I had back in the 1990s, but I don't remember the issues in other games like downhill and such.
People usually find these gameplay based copy protections amusing as in "hehe stupid pirates let them play a broken game", but I have bad memories of them because I often had them trigger when playing legit copies of the game. All it took was having CD emulation software installed (not even running) and some games would already flag you as a pirate.
abra023 hours ago
Tbh it still puzzles me why gameplay degradation specifically was chosen as a way to try to discourage piracy. I imagine many more people hit the degradations, thought the game was just buggy and abandoned it, compared to people who were motivated by bad gameplay to give the developers money.
The mindfuck angle is pretty effective though. This article wouldn't have been written otherwise.
Ntrails23 hours ago
I have a vague memory of a "game-dev studio tycoon" sim game which, if you played the pirated version, would have your sales taper off super hard and you'd go bust because pirates. There was, however, an explicit nod to this happening and it was at least clear that the failure was making a point
1. It is harder to see if your crack was successfully completed, especially if the degradation happens late in game.
2. If the game is fun until it goes wonk and the person learns it is pirated, they may decide to buy the real deal.
3. The potential damage, if you didn't have a noticeable false-positive rate, is limited and for those unwittingly hit and find out their software is pirated, they're likely to not buy/get from the downloaded source again.
4. From the standpoint of a developer, it is creative fun.
computerthings15 hours ago
[dead]
tgsovlerkhgsel1 day ago
The downside of these systems is that the behavior of the cracked game is often simply attributed to the game, contributing to the perception that the game is buggy (or just bad/not fun).
While they are somewhat effective at making pirates miserable, I have my doubts on whether they are actually good at driving sales. Keeping pirates from enjoying the game isn't a victory for the developer, generating sales is...
mlinhares23 hours ago
One of the reasons Sony won in most third world countries, there was a lot of piracy for the multiple playstation devices and it was easy to access it. As those generations of gamers grew older and the country's economy improved, they didn't even consider xboxes as all their friends had sony consoles, why would you bother?
Gates: how piracy worked for me in China -
The Microsoft chairman says that bootlegged software is creating a demand for his legitimate products in the longer term
ferguess_k1 day ago
Kudos to the original author who took the time to dive into it. I highly admire people who can dive into some technical topics and have the patience to figure everything else. They are the kind of people I look up to.
BTW whoever fascinated by the copy protection techniques of legacy systems should also check out this book: "Tome of Copy Protection", from ID (yeah the original Idea from the Deep).
eej711 day ago
If you enjoy stuff like this - do read up on 4am's incredible efforts to preserve Apple ][ software. Just amazing.
Amazing that GOG was so lazy that they didn't check to ensure their DRM removal was complete, before offering it for sale. Hopefully this will motivate them to do a proper fix.
brazzy1 day ago
I would not blame GOG for that if even the official 1996 bundle release made the same mistake. The description in the article sounds like it was never officially confirmed knowledge that the game would become unwinnable if cracked incompletely.
How would you check for something you don't know about? They probably tried the game and when they couldn't win they ascribed it to insufficient skill. Even if they searched for information online, they probably (like OP) found discussions where some people complained about the game being unwinnable and got "you just suck!" replies.
Honestly, it was a dumb thing to do by the original developers.
paulryanrogers23 hours ago
QA should be playing these games to completion. At least one of the events in the game was completely unwinnable.
Devs then and now use poison pills like this to discourage dishonesty, and I don't fault them for it. It's hard to make a living producing digital content that's easily replicated at almost no cost.
brazzy20 hours ago
I very much doubt that GOG makes enough on such old titles to justify thorough QA.
And I absolutely fault the developera for it, because it's a stupid, counterproductive thing to do - if nobody knows it happens because the game is pirated, it will just get a reputation for being buggy and deter honest buyers just as much as pirates. So why do it? To secretly "get back" at the pirates?
paulryanrogers12 hours ago
Perhaps they could have made it slightly more obvious, especially after some threshold or lifetime date.
A lot of people back then didn't realize that there were these secondary checks, I wouldn't blast GOG.
paulryanrogers23 hours ago
A lot of people back then weren't accepting payment for a faulty product, except the also clueless publishers of the 1996 version.
2mlWQbCK1 day ago
Chris Crawford wrote in his On Game Design about a trick like this, that he implemented in Patton Strikes Back. Plus some other tricks. He claims that he never found a cracked version that had fixed the secondary checks. The result was a crash just before winning the game.
This looks like an older version of the same text that he later edited into a chapter of the book (does not have the claim about only finding failed cracks):
Apple ][ games like Ultima were famous for crashing 20 hours in if you didn't crack the hidden checks.
candl1 day ago
Not DOS, but I remember playing a copy of Settlers III and was surprised when iron smelters produced pigs instead of iron.
Delk17 hours ago
At least some games in the Arma series have also used a copy protection that messes with gameplay if it judged the game to be pirated. I don't know if it used tricks to trip crackers, though -- Wikipedia mentions intentional errors on optical media that didn't get passed on by disc copy software.
I remember playing old french game "Metal Mutant", which on a level three or four asked something in french (it was probably asking for a code from manual) and if you answered wrong, it wouldn't exit the game, but it'd just silently disable all projectiles, making game unwinnable. I as a kid spent hours wandering around, thinking that I missed some clue. And game didn't have any saves, so after banging my head for a couple hours, I'd exit game frustrated, and in a month or two I had to start from scratch if I wanted to try to complete that level again.
bitmasher91 day ago
I have a core memory of playing a cracked copy of an elder scrolls game that was unwinnable, and spending two hours playing with console commands in the game to get past the broken section. If I recall correctly, key dialogues were broken preventing story advancement.
Sorry for stealing your game, I was young.
flowrange1 day ago
This article actually solves one of the great mysteries of my life: how to beat that game.
I still remember, back in the mid 90s, playing it with my brother and some friends. We spent so much time trying to beat the default bobsleigh time, land a 100+ meter jump in the ski jumping event, or survive that dreaded third lap in skating. But no matter what, we just couldn't pull it off.
Years later, I even gave it another shot under Dosbox, thinking, "Alright, I was just a clueless kid back then. Now it's my time to shine." Nope. Still couldn't do it.
Turns out we obviously had a cracked copy. But honestly, trying to actually buy a game when you’re a 12yo in mid-90s France (obviously without any Internet connection) wasn’t exactly easy.
hiccuphippo23 hours ago
For a modern example I had a bad time trying to play Celeste using the family sharing feature in Steam. The game would slow down the jumping making it impossible to advance. I don't know why it would deem it as an illegal copy, I just deleted it and never tried the game again.
jordigh20 hours ago
That sounds... odd. Was Maddy involved with that game?
ExOK is generally pretty tolerant of mods, re-distribution, fangames, and even reverse-engineering their code. I'm really surprised they would deliberately make the game awful to play even for pirates.
Edit: Just asked Noel on Discord. Celeste shouldn't be doing anything like that.
> The game doesn't have anything like that in it. The steam version makes sure steam is running before the game starts, but that's it. The itch version literally has nothing in it. [...] Yeah, we don't do anything to go out of our way to stop piracy. People have also decompiled and modded this game in pretty much every way imaginable (which I think is awesome!) so if there was anything like that it'd be very noticeable haha
caminanteblanco15 hours ago
Given that they sell the game on itch.io, I really doubt they're going out of their way to enforce any crazy copy-protection.
barbazoo23 hours ago
That’s a bummer because it’s a great game with a beautiful story around mental health.
pimlottc19 hours ago
This is one of those instances where putting titles in quotes helps comprehension:
> Uncovering the mechanics of "The Games: Winter Challenge"
the_clarence1 day ago
I couldn't play sim city because of that, the game would always throw insane natural disasters at me until I lost, I thought that was a very interesting way to mess with copies
pronik16 hours ago
I remember Pizza Tycoon having copy protection based on pizza recipes (for which I didn't have the recipe booklet, for usual reasons). In the early days of your pizzeria, people would only want the classics and if you couldn't make them, you struggled hard. Somehow, I've managed to power through (probably easy difficulty or something) and as soon as you build up connections to the mafia, people would gladly eat the most abhorrend pizzas the world has ever seen (I vividly remember an all-plum pizza I've created, it was beloved beyond any reason).
pronik16 hours ago
I remember both those games from when I was about 12 and I also remember being endlessly frustrated with the mechanics. I couldn't get controls in order, seemed to fail at almost every sport (for some reason, I remember high jump vividly). Since those games came with several dozen others on a very cheaply bought CD (if you know what I mean) then I guess I can finally have a redemption arc for my skills after three decades. Great stuff!
cinntaile1 day ago
I speedran through the whole article but this was a nice reverse engineering deep dive!
mschuster911 day ago
> As it turns out, “FAB” stands for Fabrice Bellard, who next to being the original developer of widely used programs such as FFmpeg and QEMU, is also the creator of an executable compression utility called LZEXE, developed in 1990.
Is there anything where you don't find Fabrice Bellard along the way if you just dig deep enough?
selcuka1 day ago
Even the commercial product PKLite by PKWARE (of PKZIP fame) was "inspired" by LZEXE [1]:
> If you look at the source code of the decompression engine of PKLITE, you'll notice that it looks like the one of LZEXE.
I wonder what kind of cool stuff you'd discover if you dug into the code of other classic DOS games from the 90s? Anyone ever try reverse engineering their childhood favorites?
dlachausse1 day ago
My favorite copy protection scheme was where you needed to enter some text from the printed manual that came with the game. The disks were easy to copy but the manuals required significant effort.
I also just really miss printed game manuals.
lb1lf1 day ago
I hated the one on F-15 Strike Eagle II on the C64; game itself was great, but you needed to look up in the manual what colour deck crew vest was displayed on the screen prior to the game starting.
I played it on a B&W TV.
g-b-r1 day ago
Hmm, I had bought a PC release of it at a newstand and it didn't have that protection
guappa1 day ago
It was massively annoying even if you had bought the game though.
Also later games that wanted the CD to be in the drive to be played.
PaulHoule1 day ago
Still a problem in the console age. It was annoying as hell that I had Halo Wars 2 installed on my XBOX ONE but couldn't play it for the nine months that the disc was lost.
dlachausse1 day ago
We just kept the manuals for our most frequently played games on our computer desk. I don’t remember it being particularly burdensome, especially compared to the copy protection many games employ today. Plus, several games were designed to rely upon the manuals as part of their game play, like the Carmen Sandiego series.
g-b-r1 day ago
I personally didn't mind it, usually, for most games it was better to have the manual in front in any case
int_19h1 day ago
In practice there'd still be a limited number of possible questions, so people would just compile the answers in a file that was included in the pirated distribution. I remember plenty of DOS games that came with something like that.
thijson22 hours ago
The ones I remember had a red tinted window that would reveal the hidden word. If you tried to photocopy it using a black and white photocopier the words wouldn't be visible anymore. Now in hindsight, I guess you could have photocopied the whole wheel with some red mylar on top of it.
I remember removing the copy protection from space quest. There was a later check that checksumed the copy protection code. That complicated the crack.
chuckadams1 day ago
My least favorite was the protection typical on C-64 games that caused constant resets of the floppy drive, banging the head against the stop repeatedly. tick-tick-tick-tick-BRRRRRAAAAAAP. I would crack games I owned (admittedly, most I did not own) just to keep them from eventually knocking my drive out of alignment. Loaded a lot faster too. Fast-Hack-Em FTW.
llm_nerd1 day ago
SimCity had a hard to copy (at the time) red/black card with city populations, and during the game it would ask you for the population or name of cities based upon a graphical indicator lookup. If you failed the check it would inflict an unending series of disasters on your city.
There have been a couple of times even in modern games like Civ 6 where everything goes so wrong I wonder if somehow it erroneously flagged itself as pirated for some reason.
g4zj1 day ago
Is this functionally different from a typical license key or activation key?
pjc501 day ago
It was effectively a "distributed" license key, broken into a large number of parts and structured as a challenge-response, so that it would be difficult to answer without a full photocopy of the manual.
My favourite variant of this was F-19 Stealth Fighter asking you to do aircraft identification, which you could get from the manual .. or any library book on US warplanes.
Least favourite was some game (TMNT?) which printed the codes in gloss black on matte black.
GuB-421 day ago
Microprose games had awesome manuals. Typically more than a hundred pages full of details going well beyond explaining the game itself. For example, in a flight simulator it had details on every plane in the game, the historical context of the missions, dogfighting techniques, etc...
It wouldn't be out of place in a library.
rkomorn1 day ago
The manual to Grand Prix 2 taught me more about car racing than any other bit of reading, video, or whatever media. It had so much about how to drive, how to use telemetry, etc.
Not that I turned that knowledge into good results but that's another topic.
What a delight that game and its manual were.
ClearAndPresent1 day ago
One that comes to mind was the manuals and bits and pieces that came with Infocom text-based adventure games. They were nice bits of cruft to have alongside the actual game but in certain instances puzzles within the game could only be solved by referring to something on the card, or booklet, supplied with the game. I can't recall if it was The Hitchhiker's Guide, or Leather Goddess of Phobos, but the requirement popped up quite deep into the game.
They weren't license keys, persey, as all the printed material was the same, but a tacit test as to whether you had bought the actual game, or just copied the disk.
mattkrause1 day ago
Leisure Suit Larry had a twist on this where it “verified” you were an adult by asking questions that older people were much more likely to know: “During the 70s, Carroll O'Connor portrayed a…”
They were multiple choice and some of them were very tongue-in-cheek, like Richard Nixon was an “audio technician or plumber’s friend”.
Clepsydra1 day ago
I believe there was a shortcut to skip the questions on the PC. I think it was ctrl+alt+x.
mattkrause20 hours ago
Gah! Where were you in 1994 when that knowledge would have come in handy?!
vladms1 day ago
Besides not being a one time activation, it was not a "one key". The game would ask you for "N-th word on the M-th paragraph on P-th page", at each start for example. We are talking about an age where you would not have scanners or mobile phones with cameras.
Ayesh1 day ago
To the adult me, this sounds tedious and not really worth. But the teen myself, I'm sure I would totally do it even I have to solve some riddle.
poincaredisk23 hours ago
>Not worth it
We live in a completely different world now. Imagine: you just bought a game, that was probably not cheap, and you won't play it because it requires opening a printed booklet you got with installation media and already have next to you? Sounds unlikely, especially since you already went through the trouble of going/driving to a physical store and installing the game (often from multiple cds/floppies, and it often took a long time). And it's not like you had a choice - another game was another drive away, and there were no refunds.
And yeah, we were younger.
Today we live in a world of constant connectivity and instant gratification. It's a better world, but a little nostalgia won't hurt
bigstrat200323 hours ago
Yeah, I did put the time in for X-Wing back in the day. A friend made copies of his disks, and let me borrow the manual so that I could copy the relevant bits down into a notebook. Took a while, but I had lots of time so not a big deal.
derwiki21 hours ago
That jogs my memory, I think “The Island of Dr. Brain” had something similar
Narew1 day ago
for example "flashback" ask you a writen code in the manual at the beginning of each level if my memory is good.
So it's was not a one time activation
It wasn't individual per install. Anyone with the game manual could find the word or code in the book. Some games asked for a random word from the manual on boot, so you couldn't just share the code, you needed to share the entire manual (or decompile or something to find all the words it is looking for).
llm_nerd1 day ago
And the manuals usually themselves had "copy protection". Many were printed in variations of dark colours, such that any easily accessible copier would just copy a black page.
fazeirony1 day ago
this was the comment i was looking for! i remember those red pages and found them annoying on even legitimately purchased games (which is how copy protection has always been IME - makes it so legitimate purchasers of a game got annoyed and hence, got cracks for games to just not be as annoyed!)
dlachausse1 day ago
Yes because the license key was easy to write down on a sticky note and provide it with the copied floppy disk. With this mechanism you either needed to have a copy of the entire manual, or at least all the answers to the questions it would ask.
StanislavPetrov1 day ago
I remember one of the later Wizardry games (I believe it was Return of Werdna) came with a pamphlet full of codes that was printed on very dark brown paper that made it very difficult to make legible photocopies.
balou2319 hours ago
Ah, memories.
I broke the space key on my dads computer while trying to get a new speed skating record.
_sys4915221 hours ago
this explains why some of my games growing up just. didnt. work. no matter what.
fnord771 day ago
I remember an old Apple ][ game that someone had copied from somewhere and it got passed around by us jr high school students.
It was some sort of "Defender" style game. Apparently cracking ("Cracked by the Nibbler") caused some obstacles to become invisible. You could play the game for a bit but you pretty quickly crashed into one of these.
Wish I could remember the name of the game. I would have liked to played a legit copy
Had 3-D World Runner for the OG NES, played it again a few weeks ago doing some handheld emu hacking and couldn't put it down.
fnord7722 hours ago
Now that I started looking for it, I think it was Repton because I remember buildings.
I think the crack protection was pretty clever - it let you play a couple seconds of the game to get a taste of it. If I had the means I would have bought it, but I was a poor 14 year old
Apparently 'The Terminator 2029' had such a trick in it. One of my friends in college was obsessed with the game and was frustrated about not being able to complete one of the levels due to a target being inaccessible. Eventually someone told him it was an intentional flaw introduced into copies that were pirated. Not sure if he ever bought the game so he could finish it.
cratermoon18 hours ago
I remember playing a similar track & field game on the Apple ][ my dad bought us and getting so frustrated.
After reading this article I had a vague recollection that when booted up it would briefly display a "cracked by..." message,
and now I figure the game probably had a similar "copy protection" mechanism.
g-b-r23 hours ago
God I thought I was an idiot, that game seemed so hard!!!
I'm so glad to have read this xD
(back then I didn't even know what piracy was, it was just a game that someone gave me)
"The “Razor1911” crack (1991)
Finally, we get to the only crack that actually works properly. Congratulations to Razor1911 for being the only ones not fooled by the game’s trickery."
No surprise here! I was never all that deep in the Warez scene, but every nerdy kid in the early 1990s knew that Razor 1911 were the most l33t game crackers around. It was kind of a mark of quality on any game. If Razor 1911 released it you knew that not only was it cracked competently, it was probably a good game too!
And Razor1911 is still active! Both on the demoscene and on the warez scene.
Amazing. Their leader was busted a long time ago so I thought they were toast. Razor, Class, Fairlight, and some others hold a special place in my heart. (I know nothing of their politics)
To be fair, a lot of those groups aren't any of the same people today.
Fairlight was pretty problematic back in the 90's politically, they even did a fairly controversial nazi-themed demo. Definitely not the vibe they give off today.
Article for reference [0]. It's amazing how far people's baggage will follow them (though the impact here is probably minimal). Wild that a former Fairlight member became San Diego Republican Party Chairman.
[0]: https://web.archive.org/web/20240406015231/https://www.latim...
Sorry for the lazy question, but would you be able to share some links or pointers to where these guys are active? I've been out of the loop for a few decades but enjoyed the scene when I was a teenager.
On the demo part: https://www.pouet.net/groups.php?which=158
One the crack side, I don't really follow much but you can find the occasional release, for example Red Dead Redemption.
https://predb.me/?group=razor1911 more active than I imagined, though it looks like most of them are basic steam DRM so no cracking work needed
Nowadays though it's just Empress and everyone else, because Empress is the only one who cares enough to crack Denuvo, but only for selected games, and nothing recently.
Not a DOS game, but one of the early Prince of Persia (circa 2007) had an evil DRM trick: after a few hours into the game, there is a pressure pad activated door that does not work on cracked versions. So if you are in a cracked versions, and if the crack is not good enough, you will spend a lot of time frustrated unable to go past that door.
It is possible that the crack itself broke the game, but I want to believe it's some genius evil idea someone from Ubisoft came up with.
Since you mentioned "early Prince of Persia" being 2007, I thought I might blow your mind by pointing to the 1989 game :)
It's a bit like how most people think Wolfenstein started with the 3D version in 1992 and have never heard of the 1981 original.
That isn't really the same situation. The 1981 "version" is a stealth game that is pretty much completely unrelated to the 1992 game except through name, inspiration and theme.
The 1992 game was able to use the wolfenstein name because the trademark had lapsed the the original company had gone backrupt. While the 1992 game was originally intented to include stealth gameplay, none of those gameplay features from the 1981 game really made it into the final version of the 1992 game.
Key here is that M.U.S.E. sold no rights to id software, did not bless the 1992 game in any way, and there were no personel in common between the two games. They can't really be considered as part of the same franchise
I loaded this up recently on Genesis and it actually blew my mind how smooth the animations were for the 'parkour', to find out it was all mo-capped and faithfully recreated into pixels. I had no idea people were doing this in the 80's.
This book [1], which is the creator's diaries from the time annotated with lots of memoir-ish details, is really really good and talks about how the motion capture came to be at length. It's also just a very enjoyable book, not to mention very physically beautiful.
https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Making_of_Prince_of...
More like a rotoscoped bitmap animation than what we consider 3D motion capture now.
I had to re-read the post because I assumed it was referring to that one up until I got to "Ubisoft". I was like, didn't that one guy Jordan something do the whole thing himself? (Including the rotoscoping of the character)
Jordan Mechner :) pretty nice explanation with his "motion capture" footage. https://youtu.be/6ozxnrs0BP4
Wow, I just want to call attention to this for anyone scrolling through. If you loved the game, watch this video!!
Well, in the 80's I had an Amstrad CPC, and there was a game named "Le passager du temps" ("Passenger of time") [1]. It was a text adventure game with some graphism in it. The goal was to explore the house of your uncle and find out where he was.
After a while, you found a machine and when you finally assemble everything and start it....the game stop working and loop in a "we're tired of hacking" message ! Of course, with the cracked version.
And it was clever, because
1) you tried the game and enjoyed it. And now you're frustrated and want to play it, so you might actually buy it
2) the anticopy test was late in the game, so everyone who copied it thought the copy was ok and spreaded it.
A sort of shareware.
[1] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AWqnM-yyfPQ
Not mentioned in the article is Sid Meyer's Pirates! (the exclamation mark was part of the name, though I do get excited when talking about the game so I'd add it myself if it weren't).
This was one of the 2 (!) games I had as original at that time(the other being Sub Battle Simulator), and it had a beautiful map and book. The book would include some details that were asked before the first fencing fight, like "When did ship X leave port Y?" and if you got the answer wrong, as best as I could try (and I did intentionally try to beat that part after giving the wrong answer) you'd always lose it and not be able to start your career.
I always find official cracks* like this to be amusing and worrying at the same time. Worrying because it could mean that the current owners don't even have access to the source code anymore, and it's sad to see the source of those games lost to time.
Tangentially, this phenomenon isn't limited to retro DOS games: Rockstar was caught shipping a pirated version of Midnight Club 2 [0], and Sinking Ship [1] is another example of this in the indie scene.
[0]: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=37394665 [1]: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=26311522
* Legally they aren't cracks because they are fully authorized distributions of the games
You can stop worrying, and move straight into... whatever it is on the spectrum from hangwringing to panic it is you are looking for, I offer no judgment here... because loss of source code and all build artifacts is the norm, not the exception. Completely normal. Unfortunate, but completely normal.
> Worrying because it could mean that the current owners don't even have access to the source code anymore, and it's sad to see the source of those games lost to time.
This is way too common. It even happens to the best and largest games - the code for CnC Tiberian Sun and Red Alert 2 is supposed to be lost to time [1].
Often times it's just IP rights that get passed on when a studio collapses or gets bought out, and in other cases source code for dependencies (e.g. music or video player SDKs) isn't available any more.
[1] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43197320
Interesting, I remember the speed skating issue being a problem in the copy I had back in the 1990s, but I don't remember the issues in other games like downhill and such.
People usually find these gameplay based copy protections amusing as in "hehe stupid pirates let them play a broken game", but I have bad memories of them because I often had them trigger when playing legit copies of the game. All it took was having CD emulation software installed (not even running) and some games would already flag you as a pirate.
Tbh it still puzzles me why gameplay degradation specifically was chosen as a way to try to discourage piracy. I imagine many more people hit the degradations, thought the game was just buggy and abandoned it, compared to people who were motivated by bad gameplay to give the developers money.
The mindfuck angle is pretty effective though. This article wouldn't have been written otherwise.
I have a vague memory of a "game-dev studio tycoon" sim game which, if you played the pirated version, would have your sales taper off super hard and you'd go bust because pirates. There was, however, an explicit nod to this happening and it was at least clear that the failure was making a point
it was indeed "Game Dev Tycoon": https://arstechnica.com/gaming/2013/04/game-dev-tycoon-devel...
A few reasons
[dead]
The downside of these systems is that the behavior of the cracked game is often simply attributed to the game, contributing to the perception that the game is buggy (or just bad/not fun).
While they are somewhat effective at making pirates miserable, I have my doubts on whether they are actually good at driving sales. Keeping pirates from enjoying the game isn't a victory for the developer, generating sales is...
One of the reasons Sony won in most third world countries, there was a lot of piracy for the multiple playstation devices and it was easy to access it. As those generations of gamers grew older and the country's economy improved, they didn't even consider xboxes as all their friends had sony consoles, why would you bother?
https://www.thetimes.com/travel/destinations/asia-travel/chi...
Gates: how piracy worked for me in China - The Microsoft chairman says that bootlegged software is creating a demand for his legitimate products in the longer term
Kudos to the original author who took the time to dive into it. I highly admire people who can dive into some technical topics and have the patience to figure everything else. They are the kind of people I look up to.
BTW whoever fascinated by the copy protection techniques of legacy systems should also check out this book: "Tome of Copy Protection", from ID (yeah the original Idea from the Deep).
If you enjoy stuff like this - do read up on 4am's incredible efforts to preserve Apple ][ software. Just amazing.
https://paleotronic.com/2024/01/28/confessions-of-a-disk-cra...
Amazing that GOG was so lazy that they didn't check to ensure their DRM removal was complete, before offering it for sale. Hopefully this will motivate them to do a proper fix.
I would not blame GOG for that if even the official 1996 bundle release made the same mistake. The description in the article sounds like it was never officially confirmed knowledge that the game would become unwinnable if cracked incompletely.
How would you check for something you don't know about? They probably tried the game and when they couldn't win they ascribed it to insufficient skill. Even if they searched for information online, they probably (like OP) found discussions where some people complained about the game being unwinnable and got "you just suck!" replies.
Honestly, it was a dumb thing to do by the original developers.
QA should be playing these games to completion. At least one of the events in the game was completely unwinnable.
Devs then and now use poison pills like this to discourage dishonesty, and I don't fault them for it. It's hard to make a living producing digital content that's easily replicated at almost no cost.
I very much doubt that GOG makes enough on such old titles to justify thorough QA.
And I absolutely fault the developera for it, because it's a stupid, counterproductive thing to do - if nobody knows it happens because the game is pirated, it will just get a reputation for being buggy and deter honest buyers just as much as pirates. So why do it? To secretly "get back" at the pirates?
Perhaps they could have made it slightly more obvious, especially after some threshold or lifetime date.
I think it's a sensible approach to discourage piracy. Consider the irony when pirates of Game Dev Tycoon find their virtual games fail due to piracy: https://www.eurogamer.net/game-dev-tycoon-forces-those-who-p...
A lot of people back then didn't realize that there were these secondary checks, I wouldn't blast GOG.
A lot of people back then weren't accepting payment for a faulty product, except the also clueless publishers of the 1996 version.
Chris Crawford wrote in his On Game Design about a trick like this, that he implemented in Patton Strikes Back. Plus some other tricks. He claims that he never found a cracked version that had fixed the secondary checks. The result was a crash just before winning the game.
This looks like an older version of the same text that he later edited into a chapter of the book (does not have the claim about only finding failed cracks):
https://www.erasmatazz.com/library/the-journal-of-computer/j...
Apple ][ games like Ultima were famous for crashing 20 hours in if you didn't crack the hidden checks.
Not DOS, but I remember playing a copy of Settlers III and was surprised when iron smelters produced pigs instead of iron.
At least some games in the Arma series have also used a copy protection that messes with gameplay if it judged the game to be pirated. I don't know if it used tricks to trip crackers, though -- Wikipedia mentions intentional errors on optical media that didn't get passed on by disc copy software.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FADE
That one was quite famous. Also the CD came with some sub-channel data, that only one program was able to copy. It had sheep on it but forgot its name
That must have been CloneCD then: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/CloneCD
I remember playing old french game "Metal Mutant", which on a level three or four asked something in french (it was probably asking for a code from manual) and if you answered wrong, it wouldn't exit the game, but it'd just silently disable all projectiles, making game unwinnable. I as a kid spent hours wandering around, thinking that I missed some clue. And game didn't have any saves, so after banging my head for a couple hours, I'd exit game frustrated, and in a month or two I had to start from scratch if I wanted to try to complete that level again.
I have a core memory of playing a cracked copy of an elder scrolls game that was unwinnable, and spending two hours playing with console commands in the game to get past the broken section. If I recall correctly, key dialogues were broken preventing story advancement.
Sorry for stealing your game, I was young.
This article actually solves one of the great mysteries of my life: how to beat that game.
I still remember, back in the mid 90s, playing it with my brother and some friends. We spent so much time trying to beat the default bobsleigh time, land a 100+ meter jump in the ski jumping event, or survive that dreaded third lap in skating. But no matter what, we just couldn't pull it off.
Years later, I even gave it another shot under Dosbox, thinking, "Alright, I was just a clueless kid back then. Now it's my time to shine." Nope. Still couldn't do it.
Turns out we obviously had a cracked copy. But honestly, trying to actually buy a game when you’re a 12yo in mid-90s France (obviously without any Internet connection) wasn’t exactly easy.
For a modern example I had a bad time trying to play Celeste using the family sharing feature in Steam. The game would slow down the jumping making it impossible to advance. I don't know why it would deem it as an illegal copy, I just deleted it and never tried the game again.
That sounds... odd. Was Maddy involved with that game?
ExOK is generally pretty tolerant of mods, re-distribution, fangames, and even reverse-engineering their code. I'm really surprised they would deliberately make the game awful to play even for pirates.
Edit: Just asked Noel on Discord. Celeste shouldn't be doing anything like that.
> The game doesn't have anything like that in it. The steam version makes sure steam is running before the game starts, but that's it. The itch version literally has nothing in it. [...] Yeah, we don't do anything to go out of our way to stop piracy. People have also decompiled and modded this game in pretty much every way imaginable (which I think is awesome!) so if there was anything like that it'd be very noticeable haha
Given that they sell the game on itch.io, I really doubt they're going out of their way to enforce any crazy copy-protection.
That’s a bummer because it’s a great game with a beautiful story around mental health.
This is one of those instances where putting titles in quotes helps comprehension:
> Uncovering the mechanics of "The Games: Winter Challenge"
I couldn't play sim city because of that, the game would always throw insane natural disasters at me until I lost, I thought that was a very interesting way to mess with copies
I remember Pizza Tycoon having copy protection based on pizza recipes (for which I didn't have the recipe booklet, for usual reasons). In the early days of your pizzeria, people would only want the classics and if you couldn't make them, you struggled hard. Somehow, I've managed to power through (probably easy difficulty or something) and as soon as you build up connections to the mafia, people would gladly eat the most abhorrend pizzas the world has ever seen (I vividly remember an all-plum pizza I've created, it was beloved beyond any reason).
I remember both those games from when I was about 12 and I also remember being endlessly frustrated with the mechanics. I couldn't get controls in order, seemed to fail at almost every sport (for some reason, I remember high jump vividly). Since those games came with several dozen others on a very cheaply bought CD (if you know what I mean) then I guess I can finally have a redemption arc for my skills after three decades. Great stuff!
I speedran through the whole article but this was a nice reverse engineering deep dive!
> As it turns out, “FAB” stands for Fabrice Bellard, who next to being the original developer of widely used programs such as FFmpeg and QEMU, is also the creator of an executable compression utility called LZEXE, developed in 1990.
Is there anything where you don't find Fabrice Bellard along the way if you just dig deep enough?
Even the commercial product PKLite by PKWARE (of PKZIP fame) was "inspired" by LZEXE [1]:
> If you look at the source code of the decompression engine of PKLITE, you'll notice that it looks like the one of LZEXE.
[1] https://bellard.org/lzexe.html
I wonder what kind of cool stuff you'd discover if you dug into the code of other classic DOS games from the 90s? Anyone ever try reverse engineering their childhood favorites?
My favorite copy protection scheme was where you needed to enter some text from the printed manual that came with the game. The disks were easy to copy but the manuals required significant effort.
I also just really miss printed game manuals.
I hated the one on F-15 Strike Eagle II on the C64; game itself was great, but you needed to look up in the manual what colour deck crew vest was displayed on the screen prior to the game starting.
I played it on a B&W TV.
Hmm, I had bought a PC release of it at a newstand and it didn't have that protection
It was massively annoying even if you had bought the game though.
Also later games that wanted the CD to be in the drive to be played.
Still a problem in the console age. It was annoying as hell that I had Halo Wars 2 installed on my XBOX ONE but couldn't play it for the nine months that the disc was lost.
We just kept the manuals for our most frequently played games on our computer desk. I don’t remember it being particularly burdensome, especially compared to the copy protection many games employ today. Plus, several games were designed to rely upon the manuals as part of their game play, like the Carmen Sandiego series.
I personally didn't mind it, usually, for most games it was better to have the manual in front in any case
In practice there'd still be a limited number of possible questions, so people would just compile the answers in a file that was included in the pirated distribution. I remember plenty of DOS games that came with something like that.
The ones I remember had a red tinted window that would reveal the hidden word. If you tried to photocopy it using a black and white photocopier the words wouldn't be visible anymore. Now in hindsight, I guess you could have photocopied the whole wheel with some red mylar on top of it.
I remember removing the copy protection from space quest. There was a later check that checksumed the copy protection code. That complicated the crack.
My least favorite was the protection typical on C-64 games that caused constant resets of the floppy drive, banging the head against the stop repeatedly. tick-tick-tick-tick-BRRRRRAAAAAAP. I would crack games I owned (admittedly, most I did not own) just to keep them from eventually knocking my drive out of alignment. Loaded a lot faster too. Fast-Hack-Em FTW.
SimCity had a hard to copy (at the time) red/black card with city populations, and during the game it would ask you for the population or name of cities based upon a graphical indicator lookup. If you failed the check it would inflict an unending series of disasters on your city.
There have been a couple of times even in modern games like Civ 6 where everything goes so wrong I wonder if somehow it erroneously flagged itself as pirated for some reason.
Is this functionally different from a typical license key or activation key?
It was effectively a "distributed" license key, broken into a large number of parts and structured as a challenge-response, so that it would be difficult to answer without a full photocopy of the manual.
My favourite variant of this was F-19 Stealth Fighter asking you to do aircraft identification, which you could get from the manual .. or any library book on US warplanes.
Least favourite was some game (TMNT?) which printed the codes in gloss black on matte black.
Microprose games had awesome manuals. Typically more than a hundred pages full of details going well beyond explaining the game itself. For example, in a flight simulator it had details on every plane in the game, the historical context of the missions, dogfighting techniques, etc...
It wouldn't be out of place in a library.
The manual to Grand Prix 2 taught me more about car racing than any other bit of reading, video, or whatever media. It had so much about how to drive, how to use telemetry, etc.
Not that I turned that knowledge into good results but that's another topic.
What a delight that game and its manual were.
One that comes to mind was the manuals and bits and pieces that came with Infocom text-based adventure games. They were nice bits of cruft to have alongside the actual game but in certain instances puzzles within the game could only be solved by referring to something on the card, or booklet, supplied with the game. I can't recall if it was The Hitchhiker's Guide, or Leather Goddess of Phobos, but the requirement popped up quite deep into the game.
They weren't license keys, persey, as all the printed material was the same, but a tacit test as to whether you had bought the actual game, or just copied the disk.
Leisure Suit Larry had a twist on this where it “verified” you were an adult by asking questions that older people were much more likely to know: “During the 70s, Carroll O'Connor portrayed a…”
They were multiple choice and some of them were very tongue-in-cheek, like Richard Nixon was an “audio technician or plumber’s friend”.
I believe there was a shortcut to skip the questions on the PC. I think it was ctrl+alt+x.
Gah! Where were you in 1994 when that knowledge would have come in handy?!
Besides not being a one time activation, it was not a "one key". The game would ask you for "N-th word on the M-th paragraph on P-th page", at each start for example. We are talking about an age where you would not have scanners or mobile phones with cameras.
To the adult me, this sounds tedious and not really worth. But the teen myself, I'm sure I would totally do it even I have to solve some riddle.
>Not worth it
We live in a completely different world now. Imagine: you just bought a game, that was probably not cheap, and you won't play it because it requires opening a printed booklet you got with installation media and already have next to you? Sounds unlikely, especially since you already went through the trouble of going/driving to a physical store and installing the game (often from multiple cds/floppies, and it often took a long time). And it's not like you had a choice - another game was another drive away, and there were no refunds.
And yeah, we were younger.
Today we live in a world of constant connectivity and instant gratification. It's a better world, but a little nostalgia won't hurt
Yeah, I did put the time in for X-Wing back in the day. A friend made copies of his disks, and let me borrow the manual so that I could copy the relevant bits down into a notebook. Took a while, but I had lots of time so not a big deal.
That jogs my memory, I think “The Island of Dr. Brain” had something similar
for example "flashback" ask you a writen code in the manual at the beginning of each level if my memory is good. So it's was not a one time activation
here a example of it : (I only remember the first version) https://www.reddit.com/r/dosgaming/comments/86yxp4/question_...
It wasn't individual per install. Anyone with the game manual could find the word or code in the book. Some games asked for a random word from the manual on boot, so you couldn't just share the code, you needed to share the entire manual (or decompile or something to find all the words it is looking for).
And the manuals usually themselves had "copy protection". Many were printed in variations of dark colours, such that any easily accessible copier would just copy a black page.
this was the comment i was looking for! i remember those red pages and found them annoying on even legitimately purchased games (which is how copy protection has always been IME - makes it so legitimate purchasers of a game got annoyed and hence, got cracks for games to just not be as annoyed!)
Yes because the license key was easy to write down on a sticky note and provide it with the copied floppy disk. With this mechanism you either needed to have a copy of the entire manual, or at least all the answers to the questions it would ask.
I remember one of the later Wizardry games (I believe it was Return of Werdna) came with a pamphlet full of codes that was printed on very dark brown paper that made it very difficult to make legible photocopies.
Ah, memories.
I broke the space key on my dads computer while trying to get a new speed skating record.
this explains why some of my games growing up just. didnt. work. no matter what.
I remember an old Apple ][ game that someone had copied from somewhere and it got passed around by us jr high school students.
It was some sort of "Defender" style game. Apparently cracking ("Cracked by the Nibbler") caused some obstacles to become invisible. You could play the game for a bit but you pretty quickly crashed into one of these.
Wish I could remember the name of the game. I would have liked to played a legit copy
You could be thinking of gorgon.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gorgon_(video_game)
I'd never heard of Gorgon but had to've run across Nasir's name at least once during my gaming years... and wow, what a pedigree.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasir_Gebelli
Had 3-D World Runner for the OG NES, played it again a few weeks ago doing some handheld emu hacking and couldn't put it down.
Now that I started looking for it, I think it was Repton because I remember buildings.
I think the crack protection was pretty clever - it let you play a couple seconds of the game to get a taste of it. If I had the means I would have bought it, but I was a poor 14 year old
https://www.gamesdatabase.org/game/apple-ii/repton
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repton_(1983_video_game)
[dead]
Apparently 'The Terminator 2029' had such a trick in it. One of my friends in college was obsessed with the game and was frustrated about not being able to complete one of the levels due to a target being inaccessible. Eventually someone told him it was an intentional flaw introduced into copies that were pirated. Not sure if he ever bought the game so he could finish it.
I remember playing a similar track & field game on the Apple ][ my dad bought us and getting so frustrated. After reading this article I had a vague recollection that when booted up it would briefly display a "cracked by..." message, and now I figure the game probably had a similar "copy protection" mechanism.
God I thought I was an idiot, that game seemed so hard!!! I'm so glad to have read this xD
(back then I didn't even know what piracy was, it was just a game that someone gave me)
[dead]
[dead]
Marvelous!
stands up and claps
Excellent!
Applause